EU mandates driver-facing cameras for all new cars. Systems trigger alarms if the driver looks away for 3.5 seconds. The mandatory safety measure has triggered privacy concerns. The European Union has switched on the final phase of its updated General Safety Regulation, and the headline requirement lands squarely on the driver. As of July 7, every new passenger vehicle sold in the bloc must carry an eye-tracking driver-monitoring system. Plenty of automakers already run some version of this hardware for fatigue warnings, but the law turns an optional feature into a legal requirement across all new cars and vans. American drivers shouldn’t treat this as a distant European problem. Federal safety programs aimed at impaired and distracted driving move toward the USA’s own mandatory rollout of driver monitoring systems for new cars by 2027, so the tech arriving in European showrooms today is a preview of what lands stateside tomorrow. The EU’s sweeping mandate is expected to affect an estimated 15 million vehicles per year. Among its requirements is the so-called Advanced Driver Distraction Warning (ADDW) system, which relies on dashboard-integrated infrared sensors and software capable of analyzing precise head and eye movements. BMW The software maps out specific zones of the interior, reserving its closest attention for the lower portions of the cabin, including the instrument cluster, the infotainment display, the steering wheel, the dashboard, and the center console. More: A $10 Ronaldo Doll Head Is Fooling Tesla So Drivers Can Doze Off If the driver keeps their eyes fixed in this area for more than 6 seconds at speeds between 20-50 km/h (12-31 mph), or for more than 3.5 seconds when going faster than that, they get visual and acoustic warnings. To prevent false alarms, the software builds in a minimum tolerance of 50 milliseconds. Driver Distraction Is The Enemy The legislation is driven by the European Commission’s estimate that between 10% and 30% of traffic accidents in Europe stem from driver distraction. Lawmakers reckon the driver monitoring system could save 25,000 lives by 2038. The American data tells the same story. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) ties driver distraction to 16% of all fatal collisions, 21% of injury crashes, and 22% of every automotive accident in the States. Buyer Concerns Renault While improving road safety is a noble goal, the way these systems actually behave is already fueling a backlash. Automotive reviewers claim they often trigger false alarms by mistaking a normal blinking pattern and ordinary head movements for drowsiness, then nagging the driver to take a break. Others see one more mandated electronic package that could further inflate the cost of their new car. More: The Feds Could Soon Clear The Way For A Tesla With No Brake Pedal The most serious concern, though, has to do with privacy. On paper, the official EU text explicitly states that the ADDW system must function as a closed-loop architecture. Yet privacy advocates warn that regulators have yet to set up any independent auditing mechanisms to confirm manufacturers are actually following the rules. As reported by Risky Business, citing Belgium’s VRT channel, Volvo openly admitted that its driver-monitoring architecture processes real-time data on secure external cloud servers, contradicting the closed-loop guidelines. Volvo That admission is troubling given the automotive industry’s track record with consumer data. Giants like GM, Hyundai and Kia have been caught tracking driving habits and selling that telemetry to data brokers, who then pass it to insurance companies to jack up customer premiums. More: He Braked Hard Once, Then His Insurance Jumped $100 A Month The hope, and it is only that, is that regulators might actually do their job and stop modern vehicles from turning into high-tech corporate spies. Other Requirements Besides the driver monitoring system, the new legislation requires all new passenger cars and vans to come standard with a more advanced AEB featuring pedestrian and cyclist detection. Automakers must also provide better forward vision in their models, expand the safety glass area that protects pedestrians during collisions, and run extra tests for worn tires. Lead image DTS Xperi