Front 3/4 view of a Duramax-powered GMC Sierra 2500 AT4For decades now, the big three American automakers have been engaged in a game of one-upmanship over which company can fit the most powerful and torquiest diesel engines in their trucks. And, just as you'd expect, some iconic and popular engines have been spun out of that long-running battle, including the Duramax found in heavy-duty models like the Chevrolet Silverado 2500 HD Trail Boss.After watching the aging 6.5-liter Detroit Diesel engine used in its heavy-duty trucks lag behind competitors such as Ford's Power Stroke and Dodge's Cummins diesels, GM decided to introduce the Duramax engine family in 2001 in an effort to turn the tide. As intended, the Duramax was a major step up from the Detroit engines and proved quite revolutionary, becoming the first diesel pickup engine in the U.S. to feature common-rail injection and aluminum cylinder heads.Often appreciated for their broad horsepower and torque curves, the Duramax engines are produced by DMAX, then a joint venture of GM and Isuzu Diesel Services of America Inc, though GM took full ownership in 2022. The 6.6 Duramax LB7 was the very first Duramax 6600 family to be designed and developed by DMAX. But several redesigned versions of the engine have made it onto the scene since, including the LBZ, LML, and L5P. All Duramax 6600 engines share some similarities, namely a common displacement of 6.6 liters, turbocharging, a 32-valve V8 configuration, a high-pressure common-rail direct injection system, and more. But there are also significant differences that allow them to produce varying levels of power. 6.6 Liter LB7 V8 Duramax turbodiesel engine (2001 to 2004)6.6 Duramax LB7 V8 sitting in the engine bay of a Chevy Silverado 2500 HDThe LB7 Duramax was a marginally oversquare, turbocharged, intercooled, four-valve-per-cylinder, 90-degree V8 engine with overhead valve construction. It had a deep-skirt cast iron engine block and gravity-cast aluminum cylinder heads to balance strength and weight reduction. GM also employed cast aluminum pistons, forged alloy steel connecting rods, a forged steel crankshaft, a forged steel camshaft, and a high pressure common rail direct injection system.One major difference between the LB7 Duramax and its successors is the type of turbocharger used, with the LB7 utilizing a fixed-geometry wastegate IHI turbocharger, while later versions came with variable vane turbos. Of course, output is another differentiating factor. The original version of the LB7 produced 235 horsepower and 500 pound-feet of torque, but toward the end of its run, it was able to claim a higher 300 horsepower and 520 pound-feet of torque.Reliability wise, the LB7 encountered numerous problems, with injector failure being the most common. And with the injectors tucked under the valve cover, repairs are often labor-intensive and costly. Additionally, the LB7 is known to suffer from crankshaft and water pump failures at high rpm. The LB7 powered the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra HD models between the 2001 and 2004 model years. The Chevrolet Kodiak and GMC TopKick C4500/C5000 were equipped with the LB7 between the 2003 and 2004 model years. 6.6-liter LBZ V8 Duramax turbodiesel engine (2006 to 2007)6.6 Duramax LBZ V8 sitting in the engine bay of a Chevy Silverado 2500 HDA broad 2006 update introduced a revised version the 6.6-liter Duramax engine with RPO code LBZ. One of the biggest changes with the engine was its adoption of emissions equipment such as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC). Like the LLY engine before it, the LBZ was equipped with a variable geometry turbo (Garrett GT3788VA VVT) in an effort to make it responsive throughout its rev range. The update also brought new injectors that were fitted outside of the valve cover for improved accessibility for repairs, a reworked seven-hole fuel injector nozzle, beefier block casting, stronger I-beam connecting rods, and an upgraded higher-pressure Bosch CP3 fuel pump that delivered pressures up to 26,000 psi (up from 23,000 psi in the LB7 and LLY Duramax engines). In order to help reduce engine stress, noise, NOx emissions, the compression ratio on the LBZ engine was reduced from 17.5:1 in the older engines to 16.8:1. All told, the LBZ pumped out more power than any of its predecessors at 360 horsepower.These changes also meant that the LBZ didn't suffer from the same injector failures that plagued the LB7, nor the frustrating overheating issues that blighted the early-gen LLY engines under heavy towing. But that's not to say it was perfect. The pistons can crack, due to higher power output, and faults such as turbo vanes sticking or the plastic impeller water pump failing at high mileage are known to occur. 6.6-liter LML V8 Duramax turbodiesel engine (2011 to 2016)6.6 Duramax LML V8 sitting in the engine bay of a 2013 Chevy Silverado 2500 HDThe LML was a big jump from the Duramax LMM engine it succeeded, with 60% of its parts being entirely new. So, you can imagine how different it was from the LBZ or earlier versions of the Duramax engines. One key area in which the LML was differentiated was in its use of newer emission control systems, which were integrated to help it comply with stricter emissions regulations. They include selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology, a dual-loop exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, and a ninth injector (downstream injector). GM also made upgrades that delivered more strength and power, with output rising to 397 horsepower and 765 pound-feet of torque. For one thing, it swapped out the Bosch solenoid-style injectors and CP3 common rail fuel pump in earlier models for Bosch piezoelectric injectors and an upgraded Bosch CP4.2 injection pump that discharged pressures up to 30,000 psi. To increase its ability to withstand sustained hard use, GM also strengthened the Duramax LML's internals and improved the piston design. In addition, the LML received a higher-flowing oil pump that dispensed a flow rate 11% higher than older Duramax engines. 6.6-liter Duramax L5P V8 turbodiesel engine (2017 to present)6.6 Duramax L5P V8 sitting in the engine bay of a 2024 Chevy Silverado 2500 High CountryFinally, we have the latest and greatest version of the Duramax engine. The L5P brought with it lots of changes and component upgrades that ensured a quieter engine that could produce 445 horsepower and 910 pound-feet of torque right out of the box. The increase in power was achieved partly due to the adoption of a new, higher-flowing electronically actuated variable geometry turbocharger supplied by BorgWarner. GM also made changes to the fuel system that supposedly improved reliability. The Bosch CP4 injection pump on the LML is known to fail catastrophically if exposed to contaminants or low-lubricity fuel. So, GM decided to replace it with a Denso HP4 injection pump rated to 29,000 psi. GM also ditched the piezo-actuated fuel-injection system on the LML in favor of Denso-supplied, electronically actuated solenoid-type G4S Gen III injectors.To capture the maximum amount of air possible, the LP5 was equipped with a new air intake system with a fully functional hood scoop that gives it about 60% of the air it needs. Additional changes made by GM include a stronger cast-iron engine block and cast-aluminum pistons, piston cooling jets capable of sustaining 50% higher oil flow rate, and a far more efficient oil cooling system, to name a few. Further updates for the 2024 model year brought an upgraded turbocharger and changes to the piston design and fuel system, with output rising to 470 horsepower and 975 pound-feet of torque in the likes of the 2024 Chevy Silverado HD. Want more like this? Join the Jalopnik newsletter to get the latest auto news sent straight to your inbox, and add us as a preferred search source on Google.
